Multi-tenancy

Multitenancy is a software architecture where several distinct customers can utilize a single software instance. For a federated identity platform, this presents a number of challenges:

  1. Privacy: Customers must only see their own user information and data
  2. Trust: Customers trust a distinct set of RPs
  3. Authorization: Customers have specific policy requirements
  4. UX: Customers brand all user-facing web pages and messages
  5. Logs: Customers see only their own log
  6. Custom Business Logic: Customers have special rules, for example, to authenticate users, register clients, or issue access tokens.
  7. Cryptographic Keys: Customers have their own keys
  8. URLs: Customers host the IDP using their own domain name
  9. Quality of Service: Customers control response time and concurrency
  10. Access: Customers can access systems and data directly

One key decision to make with regard to multitenancy is which systems to share. You could share nothing, which lowers deployment complexity but increases operational complexity. Or you could share everything, which is easier to operate, saves money on hardware, but requires a lot more code. Or you could land somewhere between--share some systems, but not others.

If you want to address all the challenges of multitenancy, then a "shared nothing" approach makes the most sense. And with advances in cloud-native deployment, gitops, and configuration as code, you can approach the cost savings of "shared everything" multitenancy today, especially if you leverage serverless, just in time auto-scaling. However, you will need some cloud-native devops gurus to pull this off.

If having one top-level domain is acceptable, it is possible to add a tenant_id property to each entity (for example, client and person entities). Auth Server and SCIM interception scripts enable you to filter results by adding this tenant_id to queries behind the scenes. For example, you could also render different login pages by using default_acr_values for clients.

It's possible in the future Jansen Project will implement some kind of support to bundle a multitenancy approach that captures some of the properties described above at the code level, but for the time being, it is not a priority.

Last update: 2024-09-27
Created: 2022-07-21